Nutrition Tips for Seniors
As we age we tend to have less appetite. But " good nutrition is just as important as ever. If you or someone you care for is having trouble getting proper nutrition, here are some practical tips.
Malnutrition in Older Adults
While many people seem to focus their diets solely on trying to lose weight and prevent disease, the nutrition problems facing the elderly can be quite different.
For many elders, it is not a matter of eating too much, but rather a matter of not getting enough. And this all comes at a time of life when getting adequate nutrition may be more difficult.
Factors for malnutrition
Several factors can cause malnutrition in older adults, including the following:
Loss of appetite—Older adults lose their appetites for many reasons, such as having a medical condition, having a mental health problem, or taking certain medications.
Decreased sense of taste and/or smell —Many of the conditions that affect older adults and the medications they take can reduce the sense of smell and taste, making it difficult and even unpleasant to eat.
Difficulty chewing and/or swallowing—Having dental problems affects many older adults and can contribute to a vicious cycle of malnutrition. As older people become malnourished and lose weight, their dentures may not fit correctly, making it even more difficult to eat. Swallowing problems also affect many older adults, making eating difficult.
Chronic conditions and medications—Older adults often have at least one chronic condition and take several medications. These can interfere with digestion, and even absorption of certain nutrients.
Financial insecurity—Financial problems can make it difficult for many older adults to get the nutrition they need.
Tips to Start Now
Although there are many reasons why older people may become malnourished, there are also many practical ways for dealing with the problem. If you or someone you care for is experiencing malnutrition or unintentional weight loss, the best first step is to see the doctor, who may be able to diagnose an underlying condition or alter a medication regimen that may be contributing to the problem. A doctor can also provide a referral to a registered dietitian, who can design a personalized eating plan. In addition, here are some everyday tips for preventing malnutrition in older adults:
Always Have a Protein with any Meal or Snack
This means making nutrient-rich foods the focus of the meal. For example, instead of plain chicken broth, try a hearty chicken and vegetable soup. Casseroles, stews, and roasts are also good meal ideas.
Season with Herbs and Spices When Preparing Foods
Because many elders have a diminished sense of taste and smell, making food as flavorful as possible is important. Try cooking with garlic and onion powder, salt-free seasoning blends, and fresh and dried herbs, such as basil, oregano, thyme, rosemary, and cilantro.
Make Meals Prettier and Colorful
Instead of regular mashed potatoes, try mashed sweet potatoes for a colorful and nutritious boost. Instead of plain buttered noodles, try pasta with a vibrant red tomato sauce.
Enjoy Small Portions many times a day
Older people with diminished appetites are often overwhelmed by large meals, so eating smaller, more frequent meals and snacks can be less overwhelming.
Do Not Fill Up on Non-nutritious Items
For people with a small appetite, it is important not to fill up on things like coffee, tea, and soft drinks, which can take the place of more nutritious items.
Serve up a variety of foods. Research shows that elderly adults eat more when presented with a variety of foods to choose from.
Make Mealtime Enjoyable and Social
When possible, invite friends or family over for meal times or visit community-based senior meal sites for social interaction during meals.
Use Nutrition Supplements When Necessary
While a well-balanced diet is the best bet, some people may find it easier to sip a nutrition supplement drink than to eat a meal. But, talk to your doctor or dietitian to see if this is something that you should do.
